Ngaba uchitha iiyure ezininzi phambi kwekhompyutha usoloko usenza into efanayo?Ukukopa idatha, ukujonga ii-imeyile, okanye ukulawula imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ekushiya udidekile? Awuwedwa. Uninzi lomsebenzi weofisi uhlala uyinto eqhelekileyo, uphindaphindwa, kwaye, masibe nenyaniso, uyadinisa. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-AI ebuthathaka okanye i-ANI) yenzelwe kanye loo nto: ukususa loo mthwalo emagxeni akho nokukunika ixesha kunye nokugxila kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.
Endaweni yokucinga ngeerobhothi ezingabantu ezivela kwiintsomi zesayensi, kufanelekile ukujonga oko sele unako namhlanje kwifowuni yakho ephathwayo, ebhankini yakho, kwinkampani yakho, okanye kumaqonga akho okusasaza. I-AI esiyisebenzisayo imihla ngemihla incinci kwaye ikhethekileKodwa isebenza kakuhle kakhulu: iguqulela, yenza iingcebiso, ifumanisa ubuqhetseba, ihluza i-spam, ihlalutya imifanekiso yezonyango, kwaye ikwacebisa ukuba ubukele ntoni ngokuhlwanje. Kweli nqaku, uza kufunda ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo, indlela obusebenza ngayo, indlela obahluke ngayo kwi-AI ngokubanzi, iingenelo zayo, iingozi zayo, imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenyani, kunye nesizathu sokuba ukuyilawula kubalulekile kwikamva lakho lobungcali.
Yintoni ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo (ANI) kwaye yahluke njani kwi-AGI?
Xa sithetha ngazo ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo okanye ubukrelekrele obuNcinci bokwenziwa (ANI) Sibhekisa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ezenzelwe ukwenza umsebenzi othile (okanye iseti encinci yemisebenzi enxulumeneyo) kakuhle kakhulu. Ezi algorithms ziqeqeshwe kulwazi oluninzi kunye nezibalo ukuze ziphendule ngokuchanekileyo okuphantse kube yi-millimeter, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esichazwe kakuhle.
Ngokungafaniyo nomntu, onokufunda into ethile kwimeko enye aze ayisebenzise kwenye eyahlukileyo, i-ANI “ayidluliseli” ulwazi lwayo ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Ukuba injongo okanye okusingqongileyo kutshintsha kancinciLe nkqubo ayizilungiseleli ngokwayo: kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe, iqeqeshwe ngokutsha, okanye ilungiswe iiparameter zayo. Ifana nesixhobo sokubala esinamandla kakhulu: isombulula kakuhle into eyilelwe ukuyisombulula, kodwa ngaphaya koko, ayincedi nganto.
Kwelinye icala, ingcinga egqithisileyo yileyo Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)Uhlobo lwe-AI, olusengumbono nje, oluya kunqwenela ukuqiqa, ukuqonda, nokufunda kwiindawo ezininzi kwinqanaba lomntu. I-AGI inokujongana neengxaki ezintsha, iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo, icwangcise ixesha elide, kwaye ihambe phakathi kwemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuhlengahlengiswa. Okwangoku, Akukho AGI yokwenyaniKwaye iingcali ezininzi ziyathandabuza ukuba siza kuze sikubone nini—okanye nokuba—siza kuze sikubone.
Ngaphezulu kwe-AGI sifumana ingcamango yokuba ubugcisa obungeyonyani (ASI)umatshini onokuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kwamandla engqondo eengqondo zabantu ezilungileyo. Eli nqanaba lifikelela kakhulu kwifilosofi nakwintsomi yesayensi kunenyani yangoku yemizi-mveliso: iimpembelelo zayo zokuziphatha kunye nezentlalo zixoxwa kakhulu, kodwa Ayinampembelelo isebenzayo kumsebenzi wakho namhlanje.Yonke into oyisebenzisayo ngoku ilula kwaye icacile.
Kwiincwadi zesayensi zobugcisa nezidumileyo, amagama aliqela asetyenziswa njengezithethantonye: I-AI enomda, i-AI ebuthathaka, i-AI emxinwa, okanye i-AI ekhethekileyoZonke zikhomba into enye: iinkqubo ezinobuchule obuphezulu kwicandelo elincinci, kodwa ezingenalo ulwazi, ezingenalo ulwazi olunzulu, kwaye ezingenalo ikhono lokwenza izigqibo ezizimeleyo ngaphaya koko kuchazwe ngabaphuhlisi.
Indlela obusebenza ngayo ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunemingcele: idatha, iimodeli, kunye nokufunda
Isiseko sayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-AI enomda sikwi idatha yoqeqeshoUkuba unika ezi modeli iidathabheyisi ezakhiwe kakuhle, ezahlukeneyo, nezisemgangathweni ophezulu, zinokubuyisa uqikelelo kunye nezigqibo ngokuthembeka okumangalisayo. Ukuba idatha ayilunganga, inecala, okanye ayiphelelanga, iziphumo ziya kubonisa oko.
Ngokwendlela yobugcisa, uninzi lweenkqubo ze-ANI zixhomekeke kwi ukufunda koomatshini kwaye, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwi ukufunda nzulu kusetyenziswa iinethiwekhi ze-neural ezenziweyo. Ezi modeli zifunda kwimizekelo: zihlalutya izigidi zeemeko kwaye zilungelelanise ngaphakathi iiparameter zazo ukuze zibone iipateni ezifanelekileyo, ukuze zikwazi ukudibanisa izinto ezintsha kunye neziphumo ezifanelekileyo.
Singakwazi ukwahlula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ngaphakathi kwe-AI enomda:
- Ukufunda okujongiweLe modeli iqeqeshwe ngedatha eneelebhile (umz., ii-imeyile eziphawulwe njenge-spam okanye ezingezizo i-spam) ukuze ifunde ulwalamano phakathi kokufaka kunye nesiphumo esifunekayo.
- ukufunda okungajongwangaInkqubo ifumana idatha engenamalebheli ize izame ukuyifumanela ngokwayo. iipateni, amaqela, okanye izakhiwoKuqheleke kakhulu ekuhlulweni kwabathengi okanye ekuhlalutyweni kophando.
- ukufunda okomelezaLe algorithm ifunda ngokuzama nokuphosa, ifumana imivuzo okanye isohlwayo ngokusekelwe kwizenzo zayo. Oku kuqhelekile kwiirobhothi, imidlalo, okanye iinkqubo zokuphucula iindlela.
Nje ukuba imodeli iqeqeshwe kwaye ilungiswe, isigaba esilandelayo siyaqala. uthelekisoKulapho uyisebenzisa khona ngokwenene kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla: inkqubo ifumana igalelo elitsha (umbhalo, umfanekiso, intengiselwano yemali, isignali yesandi...) kwaye ivelisa imveliso (uguqulelo, ilebhile "yobuqhetseba/engeyiyo yobuqhetseba", isincomo, njl.njl.) kwi-millisecond kwaye isebenzisa izixhobo ezimbalwa.
Ukuze konke oku kwenzeke kakuhle, iziseko zobuchwepheshe ezinamandla Emva kwemifanekiso: iiseva ezineeGPU ezikwaziyo ukwenza izigidi zemisebenzi yezibalo ngomzuzwana, iidathabheyisi ezilungisiweyo (kuquka iidathabheyisi zevektha, ezigcina ulwazi ngendlela yeevektha zamanani), ii-API ezikhuselekileyo ezidibanisa ifowuni yakho okanye ikhompyutha kwilifu, kunye iimodeli zokucubungula ulwimi lwendalo (i-NLP) eziguqula amagama akho abe ziimpawu zamanani ezisebenzisekayo.
Ngamafutshane, i-AI encinci ayisiyomlingo: yiyo izibalo ezinkulu ezixhaswa yi-massive computingOko ukubona "njengobukrelekrele" kukukwazi kwemodeli ukubona unxulumano oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ilusebenzise ukuze izuze xa uyinika ingxaki efana naleyo sele ibonile.
Iimpawu eziphambili zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunemingcele
Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-ANI kukuba ukukhetheka kakhuluInkqubo eyenzelwe ukuhlalutya imifanekiso yezonyango ayinakubhala imibongo ngequbuliso okanye ilawule ishedyuli yakho. Ilinganiselwe kwicandelo elichazwe kakuhle, apho inokufezekisa khona ukusebenza okugqitha okomntu ngamanye amaxesha.
Ezi nkqubo ziyasebenza ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezichazwe kwangaphambiliNgaphandle kwaloo mithetho nemiqathango yokusetyenziswa, abenzi nto okanye benze iimpazamo ezinkulu. Oku kunenye inzuzo ebalulekileyo: kukunika ulawulo oluphezulu kakhulu kwinto eyenziwa sisixhobo kwaye kuthintela ukuziphatha okungalindelekanga, kodwa kukwacacisa ukuba akukho "kuqonda" kokwenyani ngehlabathi.
Olunye uphawu oluphambili kukuba ukuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwidathaI-Limited AI ngokuyintloko yindlela yokubonakalisa izibalo zemizekelo eqeqeshwe kuyo: imibhalo, imifanekiso, isandi, ukulinganisa inzwa, ukuthengiselana ngemali, njl. Ukuba idatha iqulethe ucalucalulo okanye izikhewu kulwazi, i-AI iya kuzidla ilifa.
Eyona misebenzi yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kuyilo lwezakhiwo ukufunda okunzulu kakhulu, ingakumbi iinethiwekhi ze-convolutional neural zombono wekhompyutha kunye nee-transformers zokucubungula ulwimi lwendalo. Ezi zakhiwo zisivumela ukuba sijongane nemisebenzi eyayibonakala ngathi yintsomi yesayensi kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo: ukuqondwa kwentetho ngokuchanekileyo, ukuguqulelwa koomatshini okusemgangathweni ophezulu, ukuveliswa kwemifanekiso enemifanekiso, kunye nencoko ethetha ngokutyibilikayo.
Nangona inamandla, i-ANI iyasebenza. ubuthathaka xa bengekho kwindawo yabo yokuthuthuzelaUkuba imeko-bume itshintsha kakhulu kwinto ebonwe ngexesha loqeqesho (into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "distribution shift"), ukusebenza kuyehla. Oku kugxininisa imida yokuziqhelanisa kunye nokungakwazi ukwenza izinto ngokubanzi.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-AI ebuthathaka, i-AI ngokubanzi, kunye ne-superintelligence
Kubalulekile ukuhlela iingcamango kuba zihlala zixutywa kwimidiya nakwi-social networks. I-AI ebuthathaka okanye encinci (ANI) Nantsi into onayo kwimveliso namhlanje: iinkqubo ezilinganisa ubukrelekrele bomsebenzi othile, ngaphandle kokuqonda okanye ukuqonda ngokwenene. Imizekelo: izihluzi ze-spam, iinjini zengcebiso, iimodeli zokufumanisa izinto, ii-chatbots zenkonzo yabathengi, iinkqubo zokufumana amanqaku etyala, okanye ukugcinwa kwangaphambili.
La I-AI enamandla okanye ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AGI) Ibiya kuba yinkqubo ekwaziyo ukuqiqa, ukucwangcisa, ukufunda kumava, nokusebenzisa ulwazi lwayo kwiindawo ezininzi, ukuze ukusebenza kwayo kufane nokomntu. Ibinokutshintsha imisebenzi, iqonde iimeko ezintsha, kwaye iphathe imiba entsonkothileyo yolwimi noluntu. Ukusukela namhlanje, Akukho AGI isebenzayoSineeprototypes ze-ANI eziphucukileyo kakhulu kuphela ezinezakhono ezibanzi kodwa ezilinganiselweyo.
Inyathelo elilandelayo lethiyori ubugcisa obungeyonyani (ASI)Oku kungadlulela ngaphaya kwe-AGI. Sithetha ngoomatshini abanokwenza izigqibo ezingcono kunaye nawuphi na umntu, phantse kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, ukusuka kwisayensi ukuya kwezopolitiko okanye kwimigaqo yokuziphatha. Inxulunyaniswa neemeko apho oomatshini banokusombulula imingeni emikhulu yehlabathi (imozulu, izifo, ukungalingani), kodwa nakwiingozi ezinkulu ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle. Namhlanje, konke oku kuyingxoxo yethiyori. Itekhnoloji yangoku ikude kakhulu kunelo nqanaba.
Ngoko ke, xa ufunda iindaba malunga abancedisi abonakalayoNokuba ziimoto eziziqhubayo, ii-algorithms zorhwebo, i-ChatGPT, okanye iinkqubo zokubona koomatshini kwiifektri, ujonge... imizekelo ye-AI encinciKwaneemodeli zolwimi ezinolwazi kakhulu kwimidiya, nokuba zibonakala zintle kangakanani na, zisezi-ANI: ziqikelela igama elilandelayo elinokwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwiipateni ezifundiweyo, kodwa azinalo ulwazi lokwenyani okanye ingqiqo eqhelekileyo.
Imizekelo yemihla ngemihla yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo
Ukuba ujonge ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ngoxolo, uya kufumanisa ukuba ujikelezwe yi-AI encinci kuyo yonke indawo, nangona ihlala ingaqatshelwa.
Kwifowuni yakho ephathwayo, umzekelo, usebenzisa i-ANI xa uvula isixhobo ngobuso okanye ngomnwe wakho. Iinkqubo zokuqaphela ubuso kunye ne-biometric Ezi ziimodeli eziqeqeshwe ukuzoba iipateni ezikhethekileyo zobuso okanye zomnwe wakho kwaye zithelekise idatha yazo egciniweyo. Zenza umsebenzi okhethekileyo: ukukuchonga ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo, ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba ungubani okanye ukuba ubuso bakho buthetha ukuthini ngokwembono yabantu.
Ukuthenga kwakho kwi-intanethi kuquka oku kulandelayo: iinjini zokucebisaAmaqonga afana neAmazon, Netflix, YouTube, Spotify, kunye neTikTok asebenzisa ii-algorithms ezihlalutya indlela oziphatha ngayo kunye neyezigidi zabasebenzisi abafanayo ukuze bacebise iimveliso, uthotho, iingoma, okanye iividiyo. I-ANI apha ibala oko unokukuthanda ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokusebenzisa, ukwandisa ukwenziwa komntu ngamnye, kwaye, ngethamsanqa, ixesha olichitha eqongeni.
Kwicandelo lezemali, iibhanki kunye nee-fintech zisebenzisa i-AI elinganiselweyo bona ubuqhetseba, uvavanye iingozi kwaye wenze izibonelelo zibe zezakhoIimodeli zokufunda koomatshini zihlola izigidi zeentengiselwano, zikhangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezingaqhelekanga: izixa ezingaqhelekanga, iindawo ezirhanelekayo, iindlela zokuchitha imali ezingahambelaniyo nendlela oziphatha ngayo. Zikwanceda ekugqibeni ngemizuzwana ukuba zinike imali mboleko okanye zeziphi izithintelo zetyala eziza kukunika zona.
Kwinkonzo yezempilo, i-ANI ikhuthaza izixhobo ukuxilongwa ngoncedo lomfanekisoIi-algorithms eziqeqeshwe ngeedathabheyisi ezinkulu ze-X-rays, ii-ultrasounds, ii-CT scans okanye ii-MRIs ziyakwazi ukubona iimpawu zomhlaza okanye ezinye izifo ezinobuthathaka obuphezulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ziphezulu nangakumbi kunezo zengcali yomntu, ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukuhlalutya izigidi zamatyala angaphambili.
Iimodeli zisetyenziswa kushishino nakwizinto ezithutha impahla Ulondolozo lwangaphambiliEzi nkqubo zicubungula idatha evela kwiisensa ezifakwe kwiimashini, kwizithuthi, okanye kwimigca yemveliso ukuze ziqikelele ukusilela ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi, iindleko zokulungisa, kunye nomngcipheko weengozi, kwaye ngomnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo we-AI elinganiselweyo: isebenza kuphela ekuqikeleleni ukuba into iza kwaphuka nini.
Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zikho ii-chatbots kunye nabancedisi bencokoUkususela kwezona zilula kwiiwebhusayithi zenkonzo yabathengi eziphendula imibuzo embalwa ebuzwa rhoqo, ukuya kubancedisi belizwi abanjengoSiri, Alexa, okanye uGoogle Assistant, kunye neemodeli ezivelisayo ezifana neChatGPT. Nangona zisenokubonakala ngathi "ziyathetha," zihlalutya umbhalo kunye nelizwi ukuze zikhuphe injongo kwaye zibuyisele iimpendulo ngokusekelwe kumathuba kunye neepatheni zolwimi, ngaphandle kokuqonda imeko yomntu yoko ukuthethayo.
I-AI encinci kwindawo yokusebenza: ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa
Kwihlabathi lezoshishino, i-AI encinci ibe yi- injini enamandla yokusebenza kakuhleIzenzekela imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, ikhawulezisa uhlalutyo lwedatha, kwaye ivumela izigqibo ezinolwazi olungcono ngexesha elifutshane.
Ityala elixhaphake kakhulu ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ngenkonzo yabathengi Ngee-chatbots ezisingatha imibuzo esisiseko iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki: ukulandelela imiyalelo, ukusombulula imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo, ukulawula imbuyekezo, kunye nokuqokelela iingxelo zezehlo. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi weqela labantu, okubavumela ukuba bagxile kwiimeko ezinzima ezifuna uvelwano kunye nokugweba kwangaphambili.
Iimodeli zokuqikelela zisetyenziswa kumasebe okuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa ukuze hlukanisa abaphulaphuli, yenza amaphulo abe ngawedwa, kwaye ubale ixabiso labathengiI-AI ihlalutya iindlela zokuziphatha, imbali yokuthenga, kunye nokusebenzisana ukuze ichonge ukuba ngabaphi abasebenzisi abanokuguqula, loluphi umyalezo onokusebenza ngcono, kunye nejelo elisetyenziswa ngalo.
Kwimisebenzi kunye ne-logistics, ii-algorithms zokuphucula ezixhaswa kukufunda kokuqinisa zinceda cwangcisa iindlela, ulungise uluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye uvumelanise imixokelelwane yokubonelelaNgokufunda kwiinkcukacha zembali kunye neemeko zangoku (iindlela zokuhamba, imfuno, iindleko), banokucebisa izicwangciso ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kunengqiqo elula yomntu.
Nangona kukho intetho eninzi kule mihla malunga nezixhobo "ezingenakhowudi" okanye "ezinekhowudi ephantsi", isitshixo sokuba i-AI elinganiselweyo ibe nefuthe lokwenyani kumbutho kukuba Amaqela oshishino kunye namaqela obuchwephesha asebenza kunyeAkwanelanga ukuba neemodeli ezilungileyo; kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiingxaki ezithile, ezineenjongo ezicacileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa impumelelo, into efezekiswa kuphela xa abo bayaziyo inkqubo yeshishini bekhokela uyilo lwesisombululo.
Iimodeli ezivelisayo: ukunyuka kwe-AI edala umbhalo kunye nemifanekiso
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oko kuthiwa izixhobo zokuvelisaBayakwazi ukuvelisa umbhalo, imifanekiso, isandi, okanye nevidiyo ngemiyalelo yolwimi lwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, basengabalinganiswa be-ANI, nokuba babonakala bemangalisa kangakanani.
Kwimeko yesicatshulwa, ezi nkqubo zisekelwe kwiimodeli ezinkulu zolwimi (ii-LLM) ezifunda qikelela igama elilandelayo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ngokulandelelana. Beqeqeshwe ngobuninzi bomxholo, banokuvelisa izishwankathelo, iidrafti ze-imeyile, amanqaku, izikripthi, ikhowudi, nokunye okuninzi. "Abaqondi" oko bakubhalayo ngendlela yomntu, kodwa baphinda iipatheni zokubhala kakuhle kangangokuba ziluncedo kakhulu ekuqhekezeni ibhloko yombhali okanye ekwakheni izimvo.
Kwenzeka into efanayo kwiimodeli zokuvelisa imifanekiso: zisebenza ukusuka kwimizekelo yangaphambili ukuya kwimizekelo yangaphambili. dibanisa kwakhona iindlela, iifom kunye neengcamangobevelisa imifanekiso okanye iifoto ezimangalisayo ezenziwe ngobuchule. Kwakhona, basebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yoko bakubonileyo kuqeqesho lwabo: abenzi kwasekuqaleni, bahlela kwakhona ulwazi olukhoyo ngeendlela ezintsha.
Ezi zixhobo ziye zaguqula indlela iingcali ezininzi ezisebenza ngayo: ababhali, abayili, abaqulunqi beenkqubo, abacebisi, ootitshala… Zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso, zinceda Ukunyusa umgangatho wezinto eziza kuhanjiswa kwaye unciphise amaxesha okutsalwa kwempahlaKodwa basengabancedisi: nguwe onika isigwebo, ukuchukumisa komntu, kunye necebo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, nangona kuthethwa ngazo ngokungathi zingabantu, ezi modeli azinazo izinto ezisisiseko ezifana ingqiqo eqhelekileyo, amava obomi, okanye ukuqonda okunzulu imeko yoluntuYiyo loo nto zihlala zifuna ukuphononongwa nokulawulwa ngabantu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobuzaza ezifana nezempilo, ezezimali okanye umthetho.
Oko ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo bungenakukwenza
Ukuze uzisebenzise kakuhle ezi teknoloji, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okucacileyo apho amandla azo aphelela khona. Nokuba i-ANI inokuba nobuchule kangakanani, Ayinazo iingcamango, iinjongo, okanye iimvakalelo.Akanalo uvelwano kwaye akaqondi ihlaya, amahlaya angaphakathi, okanye izinto ezifihlakeleyo zenkcubeko ngaphaya kweendlela zobalo.
Inkqubo ye-AI ingabhala ingxelo yezemali ebonakala ingenasiphako, ineetafile ezicwangciswe kakuhle kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa Ayizibambi iingxaki zokwenene zabantu. Yintoni ebangela loo manani, okanye iziphumo zentlalo zesigqibo sezoqoqosho. Ayinazo izikhokelo zokuziphatha, imeko yembali, kunye namava oluntu.
Kananjalo akanakukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezibandakanya iingxaki ezinzima zokuziphatha Yodwa, inokukunceda uhlalutye iimeko, ukulinganisa iziphumo, okanye ukubonisa idatha efanelekileyo, kodwa uxanduva lokulinganisa ixabiso—ubulungisa, ubulungisa, amalungelo asisiseko—lusalele ebantwini. Ukucinga ukuba i-algorithm “engathathi cala” inokuthatha isigqibo kuye wonke umntu yinkohliso eyingozi.
I-ANI ikwanazo neengxaki iimeko ezintsha ngokupheleleyo...ekungekho mizekelo ifanayo kwidatha yabo yoqeqesho. Xa sijongene nemeko engalindelekanga, ingqondo yethu iyazenzela izinto ezintsha, iqhagamshelane namava adlulileyo, isebenzise ingqiqo kunye nobuchule bokwenyani; i-algorithm ayazi ukuba yenze ntoni okanye iphendula ngeempazamo.
Okokugqibela, kukho izinto ezingabantu ezifana uvelwano lokwenene, uburharha obuphindwe kabini, ingxolo efihlakeleyo, okanye ingqiqo esekelwe kwiminyaka yamava ezingenakwenzeka okwangoku ukuba ziphindeke ngokwenyani nge-AI encinci. Kusenokubakho ukulinganisa okungaphezulu, kodwa kungabi ziimpawu ezinzulu ezifanayo.
Iingenelo zokusebenza ze-AI elinganiselweyo kubantu ngabanye nakumashishini
Xa isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo buyinto indlela yokuphila yemvelisoUkwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuzenzekelayo kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ixesha lokuzinikela kwimisebenzi exabisa kakhulu: icebo, ubudlelwane nabathengi, ubuchule, ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha.
Ngokunika imisebenzi edinisayo kwi-AI (ukwahlula ii-imeyile, ukucubungula iifom, ukuphonononga iilog, ukuvelisa iingxelo rhoqo…), Unciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba neempazamo okubangelwa kukudinwa okanye ukungakhathali. Inkqubo ayidinwa, ayilahli ukugxila, ayinazo iintsuku ezimbi: igcina inqanaba elichanekileyo lokuchaneka.
Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-ANI zinceda khawulezisa umsebenziOko bekufunwa ngaphambili iiyure zohlalutyo lwesandla ngoku kungenziwa ngemizuzwana: ukuphonononga iidathabheyisi ezinkulu, ukufumanisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ukuvelisa izishwankathelo zabaphathi, ukubeka phambili iziganeko, njl. Oku kuthetha ukuba lixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye namava angcono kumthengi wokugqibela.
Kwinqanaba lombutho, ukwamkelwa kwe-AI ecwangciswe kakuhle nelinganiselweyo kuqhuba utshintsho lwenkcubeko oluya ekwenzeni izigqibo eziqhutywa yidathaEndaweni yokuthembela kuphela kwiingcamango zomntu ngamnye, amaqela anemilinganiselo, iimodeli zokuqikelela, kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili ukuxhasa izigqibo zawo, ezihlala ziphantsi kweliso lomntu.
Iingozi, ucalucalulo, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko kwi-AI enomda
Nokuba inokuba luncedo kangakanani na, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obuncinci abunazo iingozi. Enye yezona zibalulekileyo yile ukuqhubeka nokwandiswa kocalucalulo sele ikhona kwidatha. Ukuba imbali yesigqibo esetyenzisiweyo ukuqeqesha imodeli iqulethe ucalucalulo (ngokwesini, uhlanga, ubudala, indawo, njl.njl.), i-AI iya kuzifunda kwaye izivelise kwakhona, rhoqo ngendlela engabonakaliyo nenzima ukuyiqonda.
Omnye umngcipheko ophambili kukuba ubuthathaka bokufumana ulwazi olungeyonyaniIinkqubo zokwenza izinto zivelise imibhalo, imifanekiso, okanye iividiyo ezinokuthenjwa kakhulu, ukuba aziqinisekiswanga, zinokukhuthaza amabali angeyonyani okanye amabali alahlekisayo. Ke ngoko, kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ulwazi ngemithombo ethembekileyo, ingakumbi kwiimeko zobungcali.
Kukwakho nenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye ubumfihlo bedatha kunye nokhuselekoXa ufaka ulwazi oluyimfihlo kumaqonga angaphandle (ingakumbi iinkonzo zasimahla okanye ezivulekileyo), ungalahlekelwa lulawulo kwindlela olugcinwa ngayo, olwabelwana ngayo, okanye olusetyenziswa ngayo kwakhona. Ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo olungileyo wokukhusela idatha kwaye ngaphandle kokufunda imiqathango yenkonzo, uzibeka esichengeni sokuvuza kwedatha okanye ukusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga.
Okokugqibela, kukho ingozi yokuphuhlisa ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwezi zixhobo. Ukuba uyayamkela imiphumo yenkqubo ye-AI ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, izakhono zakho zokucinga ngokucokisekileyo zinokuncipha. Ukulinganisela okunempilo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-AI njengoluvo lwesibini olukhawulezayo nolunamandla, kodwa uhlala ugcina amandla okuphonononga, ukubuza, kunye nokulungisa.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo ngokukhuselekileyo
Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba kule nkqubo intsha yezendalo ngokulula, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isimo esisebenzayo nesinoxanduva ngokuzama izixhobo ze-AI ezinqongopheleyo, zombini ngokobuqu nangokwasemsebenzini.
Inyathelo lokuqala ukukhusela ubuwena kunye nolwazi oluyimfihloNgaphambi kokuba ufake idatha yokwenyani kwi-chatbot okanye kwiqonga lohlalutyo lwangaphandle, ziqhelise ukungawachazi amagama, iinombolo ze-ID, iinkcukacha zeakhawunti yebhanki, iidilesi, okanye amanani athile emali. Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, sebenza ngolwazi olungachazwanga.
Ikwabalulekile Funda imiqathango yenkonzo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala ngononophelo. kubaboneleli. Isenokuvakala ngathi iyadinisa, kodwa yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokwazi ukuba imibuzo yakho isetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha iimodeli, ukuba zigcinwa ixesha elingakanani, ngubani onokufikelela kuzo, okanye ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukuba uzicime.
Ngokwembono yokhuseleko lwe-cyber, soloko uyisebenzisa nanini na xa ikhona. amanyathelo amabini ungqinisiso kwiiplatifomu ze-AI kunye nayo nayiphi na inkonzo ecwangcisa idatha eyimfihlo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga xa kuthe kwabiwa iiphasiwedi.
Okokugqibela, yamkela umkhwa wokuba ukuthelekisa ulwazi oluveliswe yi-AI Ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise kwiingxelo, kwiintetho, okanye kunxibelelwano olusemthethweni, jonga idatha edibanisa iireferensi kunye nemithombo ethembekileyo, hlaziya amanani, uqinisekise izicatshulwa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umxholo uyahambelana nemigaqo kunye nokuziphatha kweshishini lakho.
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-AI: ngokwesakhono nangokutsho kukaHintze
Ukongeza kulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-AI encinci, i-AI eqhelekileyo, kunye ne-superintelligence, kukho ezinye iindlela zokwahlula ezi nkqubo ezinceda ukuqonda ngcono apho i-ANI ingena khona.
Ukuba ujonga umthamoSidla ngokuthetha ngeebhloko ezintathu eziphambili:
- I-AI encinci (i-NAI): leyo sele siyihlalutyile, igxile kwimisebenzi ethile, ingenalo ulwazi lwayo olungaphaya kwendawo yayo.
- I-AI Jikelele (i-AGI)Oomatshini abacingayo abakwaziyo ukuqonda, ukuqiqa, nokufunda ngokuguquguquka okufana nokomntu, belungelelanisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
- Ubukrelekrele boBuchule (i-ASI): iinkqubo eziphucuke ngakumbi eziya kudlula ubukrelekrele bomntu phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuqonda.
Isazinzulu u-Arend Hintze ucebisa olunye uhlobo oluhambelanayo olusekelwe kwi indlela abalucubungula ngayo ulwazi kunye nendlela abanxulumana ngayo nendawo abakuyo:
- Oomatshini abasebenzayoEzi zezona nkqubo zisisiseko, ezifana ne-AI encinci. Azinankumbulo yamava adlulileyo; ziphendula kuphela kwizinto ezikhoyo ezilandela imithetho echazwe kwangaphambili. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yiDeep Blue, i-supercomputer ye-IBM eyamoyisa uKasparov kwi-chess.
- Oomatshini bokukhumbula abambalwaBanokugcina nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluncinci oludlulileyo ukwenza izigqibo. Izithuthi ezininzi ezizimeleyo ziwela kolu didi: bafunda kwiinkcukacha zembali kunye nomxholo osondeleyo (indlela, iimpawu, indlela ezinye iimoto eziziphatha ngayo) ukuze baqhube ngcono.
- Ithiyori yengqondoIinkqubo, ngokwethiyori, ezinokukwazi ukubona nokulinganisa imeko yengqondo yabanye (iinjongo, iimvakalelo, iinkolelo) ukuze zisebenzisane ngendlela yobuntu. Okwangoku, esi sisikhokelo sengqiqo sexesha elizayo.
- UkuzaziInqanaba eliphezulu, elilingana ne-AI enolwazi, iyaziqonda, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe kumava ayo. Namhlanje, isaqhubeka iyingcamango nje kwaye yenye yeengxoxo eziphambili zokuziphatha ngaphakathi kolu qeqesho.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo bangoku buphakathi oomatshini abasabelayo kunye nabo banememori encinci, kunye nenkqubela ethile ekuziphatheni okufana nethiyori yengqondo kwiimeko ezithintelweyo kakhulu (umzekelo, iinkqubo ezigqiba imeko yeemvakalelo zomsebenzisi ngelizwi lakhe okanye umbhalo), kodwa ngaphandle kokufikelela ekuqondeni ngokwenene.
Indima ephambili yedatha kwixesha le-AI encinci
Konke oku kungasentla kusikhokelela kwingcamango ephambili: Ixabiso lokwenyani alikho kwi-algorithm kuphela, kodwa nakwidatha eyondlayo.Imodeli ephakathi nedatha egqwesileyo inokuvelisa iziphumo eziluncedo; imodeli ehamba phambili enedatha embi iya kuvelisa iziphumo ezingathembekanga.
Yiyo loo nto imibutho efuna ngokwenene ukusebenzisa i-ANI ityale imali kuyo ulawulo lwedathaIinkqubo ezicacileyo zokuqokelela, ukucoca, ukungafihlisi ulwazi, ukulebhelisha nokuhlaziya ulwazi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokuthobela imithetho (umz., nge-GDPR eYurophu).
Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba ne inkcubeko yangaphakathi ehlonipha ubumfihlo kunye namalungelo abantu ngabanyeAsikuko ukuqokelela idatha engenamkhawulo, kodwa kukusebenzisa kuphela oko kuyimfuneko, ngemvume efanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo obuchwephesha anciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa. Ukuthembana komsebenzisi yimpahla ebuthathaka; ukwaphulwa kwedatha okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-AI kunokuyonakalisa ngonaphakade.
Xa olu lungelelwaniso lufezekisiwe—idatha esemgangathweni, ukhuseleko oluluqilima—imigaqo yokuziphatha ngokuyilwa nangokujongwa ngabantu—, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obulinganiselweyo buba yinto Umhlobo onamandla wokunciphisa umthwalo wakho womsebenzi, phucula iimveliso kunye neenkonzo, kwaye uvule amathuba amatsha eshishini, ngaphandle kokulahla amalungelo akho okanye indima yakho ephambili.
Yonke into ibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka ezayo siza kuhlala nezixhobo eziya kuhlanganiswa ngakumbi kwindlela esisebenza ngayo: iindlela zemvelo zokunxibelelana nezixhobo, iinkqubo zempilo zokuthintela ezijonga iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ngexesha langempela, abancedisi bezemali bomntu abalungisa ukonga kwakho, izixhobo ezilawula amandla ngobuchule, kunye namaqonga emfundo ahambelana nesantya sakho. Ubuchule bobuchule obulinganiselweyo namhlanjeUkuqonda imida yayo nokufunda ukuyidibanisa nombono wakho wobuntu yenye yezona mali zibalaseleyo onokuzityala ukuze uhambe kakuhle kweli xesha ledijithali esele lifikile.
